When it comes to heating our homes, firewood is a popular choice. However, using wet or improperly seasoned firewood can lead to reduced efficiency, increased smoke and even potential chimney fires. This article will guide you through the process of checking firewood moisture content, understanding the ideal moisture levels, and recognising the importance of properly seasoned firewood for optimal burning.
Checking Firewood Moisture Content
What should the moisture level of logs be?
To achieve efficient and clean burning, firewood should be properly seasoned to reach an ideal moisture level. The optimal moisture content for firewood is generally considered to be around 15-20%. Anything above 20% is considered wet, while below 15% is considered overly dry.
How do you know if firewood is dry enough?
There are a few methods you can use to check how moist your firewood is.
Visual Inspection
Inspect the firewood for visible signs of moisture such as bark that is still attached, discolouration of the log, or a dull appearance. Wet wood tends to be heavier (because of the weight of the water) and may show signs of mould or fungi growth.
Sound Test
Tap two pieces of firewood together. If they produce a dull thud or a heavy sound, it indicates higher moisture content. Dry firewood will sound hollow and produce a sharper noise.
Moisture Meter
Investing in a moisture meter is an excellent way to accurately measure the moisture content of firewood. These devices use metal prongs to penetrate the wood and provide a digital readout of the moisture percentage. Because they provide a specific number, moisture meters are the most accurate method of determining firewood moisture content.
Why is firewood’s moisture level important?
Understanding the importance of firewood moisture levels is key to efficient and safe burning. Here are a few reasons why it matters:
Energy Efficiency
Wet firewood contains a significant amount of moisture, which requires extra energy to burn off. This energy is wasted as it is used to evaporate excess water rather than generate heat. Properly seasoned firewood with ideal moisture levels (15-20%) maximises energy efficiency.
Reduced Smoke and Pollution
Burning wet firewood produces more smoke, particulate matter and harmful pollutants. By using dry firewood, you can minimise smoke production and reduce environmental pollution.
Wet firewood can create excessive creosote build-up in the chimney, which increases the risk of chimney fires. Properly seasoned firewood has the right moisture content and thus reduces the likelihood of dangerous amounts of creosote building up in your chimney.
While it’s essential to avoid using wet firewood, excessively dry firewood can also pose challenges. Extremely dry firewood burns quickly and can lead to an overly hot fire that may damage your fireplace or wood stove and is likely to be uncomfortable for you and your family.
The best way to check if certain firewood is too dry is with a moisture meter as it will give you an easy-to-read percentage – anything less than 15% is too dry. In the rare event that your wood is too dry, mix it in with regular firewood to help raise the moisture content.
Charnwood has been committed to providing quality wood-burning stoves since 1972 and we know all there is to know about wood burners, and how to get the most out of the wood you burn. If you have any questions about heating your home with a wood-burning stove,please get in touch.
Wood-burning stoves are a popular way to heat homes because they offer an unparalleled source of comfort and warmth, however, it is important to be aware of carbon monoxide (CO) and the potential threats associated with its emissions.
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas that can be very dangerous if inhaled in high concentrations. In this article, we will discuss the dangers of carbon monoxide, symptoms to look out for and, importantly, effective strategies for preventing carbon monoxide issues when using a wood-burning stove.
Why CO Is So Dangerous
Carbon monoxide is a dangerous gas because it binds to haemoglobin in the blood and reduces its ability to transport oxygen effectively. This can lead to oxygen deprivation and carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas can accumulate indoors and pose a severe threat, especially in poorly ventilated spaces. Even low levels of carbon monoxide exposure can result in long-term health issues.
Recognising the signs of carbon monoxide exposure is key for early detection and prevention of severe consequences.
Headaches and dizziness are common initial symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning; exposure can also cause nausea and vomiting, often accompanied by a general feeling of being unwell.
Excessive tiredness, confusion, and difficulty concentrating are further signs of carbon monoxide poisoning. These symptoms can be particularly dangerous as they may impair judgment and hinder your ability to recognise the risk.
If you or anyone in your home experiences any of these symptoms while using your wood-burning stove, immediately ventilate the area and seek fresh air, and consult a medical professional.
How to Avoid Carbon Monoxide Problems
While the effects of carbon monoxide inhalation can be severe, it is thankfully easy to minimise the risk by following some simple precautions.
Clean Out Your Wood-Burning Stove
Regular maintenance is essential for the safe operation of your wood-burning stove. Cleaning the stove and its flue system helps prevent the build-up of creosote, a highly flammable substance that releases carbon monoxide and can lead to chimney fires.
Regularly remove ash (leaving about an inch in the base) and debris from the stove’s interior, including the firebox, grate, and ash pan. Use a metal scoop or shovel designed for this purpose. Dispose of the ashes in a metal container placed away from flammable materials.
It’s also important to have a clean chimney and flue. Schedule annual professional inspections and cleanings to remove creosote and other blockages from your chimney and flue system. A qualified technician will ensure that the flue is clear, reducing the risk of carbon monoxide build-up.
An annual inspection should include:
• Inspecting the flue for any cracks, leaks or damage that could result in the escape of carbon monoxide.
• Ensuring that there are no blockages or obstructions in the chimney, such as nests or debris. These can impede proper ventilation and increase the risk of carbon monoxide buildup.
• Assessing the combustion efficiency of your wood-burning stove. They will ensure that the stove is operating at its optimal level, minimising the production of carbon monoxide.
Provide Sufficient Ventilation
Proper ventilation is crucial to minimise the risk of carbon monoxide build-up. Ensure your stove is installed in a well-ventilated area, and that your home has adequate fresh air intake. Keep air vents unobstructed and consider installing a vent fan to improve air circulation.
Install Carbon Monoxide Alarms
Installing a carbon monoxide alarm is a crucial safety measure for any home with a wood-burning stove. These alarms can detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas and alert you to its presence, allowing for swift action.
Install a carbon monoxide alarm on each level of your home and near sleeping areas. Ensure they are mounted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for placement, and test your carbon monoxide alarms regularly to ensure they are working properly.
Another important precaution to take is using only the correct fuel – this is paramount for safe wood-burning. Burn only seasoned hardwood that has been properly dried; it burns more efficiently, produces less smoke and reduces the risk of carbon monoxide emissions.
Do not burn treated or painted wood in your stove. These materials can release toxic chemicals when burned, including carbon monoxide.
Why Choose Us?
Charnwood has been committed to providing quality wood-burning stoves since 1972 and we know all there is to know about wood burners, and how to use them safely while providing the utmost in warmth and cosiness. If you have any questions about heating your home with a wood-burning stove, please get in touch.
Have you been using your wood-burning stove and are wondering if it is safe to keep burning overnight? Charnwood Stoves explains everything. Read below.
Wood burners and wood-burning stoves can significantly reduce a home’s heating bill making it an attractive alternative to electric, gas and oil heating for many homeowners.
Not only that, but research suggests that installing a log burner can even increase your home’s value by around five per cent. Additionally, a wood-burning stove can be used to heat not just the room it sits within, but the whole house.
For this reason, wood stoves and log burners have become immensely popular. The demand for wood-burning stoves has soared in recent years as households look for affordable ways to keep warm during freezing temperatures and an energy crisis.
Wood stoves can burn for hours providing homeowners with cost-effective and efficient heating solutions. However, many people with newly installed log burners and wood stoves wonder whether it is safe to leave their wood stoves burning at night.
This blog will mention everything you need to know about keeping your wood-burning stove on overnight.
Can You Leave Your Wood Stove On?
The safety of your home is of key importance. Leaving a burning fire unattended can be dangerous however, by following some key steps it is possible to keep your wood stove burning to warm your home at night.
Limit the Air Getting to the Fire
Once the flames have dampened down, it is important to close your stove’s air events to control and limit the air getting to the fire. Oxygen causes embers to increase in heat and strength causing the fire to burn faster. Charnwood stoves feature a simple, single air control that can be pushed in to slow the the burn to a slumber.
Check Your Space
The more space you have around your wood stove, the more effectively it will heat the room and the safer it will be. If there isn’t enough space around the stove for air and heat to circulate, the performance may be hindered.
What’s more, your wood stove burner must also be a suitable distance away from combustible materials, especially when left unattended at night. It is important never to stack logs close to the sides of your stove.
Maintain Your Chimney
If you have a wood stove, you need to have your chimney swept at least once a year to prevent the risk of a chimney fire. Soot and creosote will naturally collect in a chimney after using a wood-burning stove. If not regularly cleaned away, this can cause a chimney fire hazard. Regularly maintaining your chimney by having your chimney swept will allow the free passage of combustion gases to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and chimney fires. Additionally, chimney sweeping will also remove foreign objects from your chimney such as bird nests, cobwebs, and other blockages.
Use the Right Wood
Using the right type of seasoned wood and stacking it correctly in your wood stove ensures the fire burns for much longer. Furthermore, continually burning improperly seasoned wood can cause a build-up of creosote deposits in the chimney. This not only affects the performance of the stove but can also lead to dangerous chimney fires.
Some types of wood, such as driftwood, are poisonous and release toxic chemicals into the air when burnt. This is another reason why you should always choose the right wood for your wood-burning stove carefully.
At Charnwood Stoves, we specialise in the design and manufacturing of high-quality wood burning and multi-fuel stoves.
As the oldest British manufacturer of wood-burning stoves, run by second and third generations of the family we are dedicated to providing products of enduring design and of the highest quality.
From the products we design and the way we package them, to the way we transport them and the way we deal with the disposal of waste products, we operate a policy of caring for the environment in all aspects of the business.
Get in Touch Now
For more information or to see how we can help, get in touch today.
We’re proud to present the Cranmore: a classic new wood burning stove from Charnwood. While it may be traditional in style it uses the very latest in clean burn technology. The Cranmore draws inspiration from the Regency era with a single framed glass door and archetypal detailing. The stoves pleasing proportions make it well suited to a traditional fireplace and with its large picture window and mesmerising flame pattern it is an ideal replacement for an open fire.
Timeless style, exquisite detailing and built to last a lifetime
The best of British
The Cranmore is British made with British materials, using the latest technology that draws on Charnwood’s 50 years of expertise. It is available in a range of colours and features a firm close, cool-to-touch, handle for safe and easy reloading. It is incredibly simple to operate with one single air control and features a sliding firebed for clean and easy ash removal.
The Cranmore 5 has a narrower portrait window than the 7 but still provides a punchy 5kw output
Available as 5 or 7kW models, the Cranmore uses our clean-burn BLU technology and is exceptionally efficient, with a level 5 clearSkies rating. The comparison table below is a useful tool; however we recommend speaking with your Charnwood supplierto help you decide which stove is most suited to your space.
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The perfect open fire replacement
With rules around Eco Design Ready stoves coming into force in 2022 and the potential for further regulation, the Cranmore is an ideal and timely choice. It offers the wonderful ambience and flame picture associated with open fires, while exceeding all minimum criteria for Eco Design Ready status.
The difference between an open fire and the Cranmore in terms of its efficiency and eco-credentials shouldn’t be understated. The Cranmore produces a far more efficient burn and reduces PM emissions by 90%. Added to Charnwood’s policy of caring for the environment, in all aspects of the business, means a Cranmore stove is an environmentally sound heating solution you can be proud of.
Victorian, Georgian, and Regency period properties all provide a perfect backdrop for the traditional aesthetic of the Cranmore. The elegant and timeless design blended with the latest technology makes the Charnwood Cranmore nothing short of a modern classic.
For more information contact us here. For the latest news follow us here.
Why Choose Us?
Discover excellence with Charnwood Stoves. Our classic yet innovative approach shines through the Cranmore wood-burning stove. Crafted with precision and elegance, it embodies our commitment to quality and performance. At Charnwood, our legacy of creating enduring heating solutions meets modern design, offering reliability and style in one. Choose usfor unparalleled craftsmanship, where tradition meets cutting-edge technology. With the Cranmore stove, experience warmth, efficiency, and timeless sophistication. Trust our teamfor a legacy of superior heating solutions that elevate your space and comfort to new heights.
The next in a series of essays by Charmain Ponnuthurai is about ‘Going Inwards’. Dammy is the author of Midnight Feasts: An Anthology of Midnight Feasts & Late Night Munchies, and co-founder of Dammy (a workwear jacket brand riffing on the chef’s jacket). She is also the former founder of Crane cookware used by the Charnwood team in many of our photo and video shoots.
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And after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice.And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah? – Kings 19 verses 12-13
The first shiver of Autumn, brings to us thoughts of roaring fires, cosy layers, soft blankets and warming food. Though with the drawing in of the nights and the reduced length of daylight, we increase our time for contemplation and the opportunity to hear that still small voice within us. We live in a time of rapidly progressing AI, which some fear will render much of all work obsolete. In such a scenario, many of us would have to find meaning elsewhere. Regardless of whether our lives are reimagined by AI, a human search for meaning exists, a humane search for empathy and connection. The most independent of us are not immune to feelings of loneliness and a requirement for warmth that no matter how clever the robot, it cannot be surpassed by what tactility offers.
One simple reach towards feeling connection can be found in the simple daily need for nourishment. There are so many off the shelf prepackaged solutions for our ‘busy lives’, that tie in with the materialistic goals of efficiency and valuable results. Though it is in the very act of cooking and sharing food, where we can find the time for a moment to connect and be entirely present with ourselves and others. As winter draws closer, we may wake up feeling uninspired by the rain lashing at our window, and the daily news grind of the troubles that face us both in our own communities and together as a planet. The act of being nourished and nourishing others holds a sacred place; such a basic act comprises a rare, untarnished purity, like the simple comforting sound of a purring cat. The process of preparing, cooking, and laying the table gives us the opportunity to listen to that still small voice which can be so hard to hear within us, in the midst of burgeoning communication channels that keep us distracted.
The journey inwards brings us solace against the chill of the elements and brooding skies. We become concentrated on our homes as a solace from the hibernation of the sun and look forward to the thought of lighting a fire, playing some music and enjoying the pleasure of comfort cooking. We think of tucking into slow cooked stews, silken soups and puddings that invoke the nostalgia of childhood such as old school rice pudding, or a constantly renewing stack of pancakes. As the song by Spike Jones goes, “Pack up your troubles in your old kit bag, And smile, smile, smile. Don’t let your joy and laughter hear the snag…”
In the essay ‘A Purple Future’, Daniel Pinchbeck speaks of how we have lost the knowledge of ancient and indigenous cultures, of our connectivity with one another. Pinchbeck suggests this is, ‘an underlying consciousness that is indivisible, instinctive, timeless and spaceless and without boundary.’ We have instead turned to a way of living that quantifies everything by measurable value and outcomes. It is of course hard to sometimes reach into this thought process, when we are faced with the rising costs of living and an uncertainty of basic material requirements. Though as with all human progress, our fears have become so strong that they curtail the freedom to be creative as we try to grip onto certainty. We can see as a simple observation that with young children, who are unencumbered with anything but the moment that joy is always present and experimentation paramount as they learn about the world around them.
The lead into winter and the early nights drawing in some way gives us this sacrosanct time in which to pause, to cook that slow stew and undertake simple acts such as lighting a fire. These moments allow us to open ourselves to the silent possibilities and creativity that arise from ‘hunkering in’ so we may begin to see new shafts of light as we navigate our way through the darkness.
“The goal of life is not to possess power but to radiate it’ Henry Miller
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If you haven’t read Charmain Ponnuthurai’s piece on ‘storytelling’ click here – we highly recommend it!
In the ongoing debate over air quality and PM2.5 emissions, modern wood-burning stoves often face unfair criticism. The root of the issue lies in the unfortunate lumping together of modern ultra-efficient stoves with their vastly more polluting counterparts—open fires, outdoor bonfires and old, poorly maintained stoves. Today, we turn our attention to the latest report, released by the Environmental Research Group.
Anti-woodburning groups have previously drawn on questionable data often not recognising the crucial distinctions between various types of wood-burning. However, there is a glimmer of progress, as this latest report at least acknowledges some of the benefits of ultra-efficient stoves and that ClearSkies 5 Stoves can in fact improve indoor and outdoor air quality. This is a step in the right direction.
Key Findings from the London Wood-Burning Project:
On page 71 of the 127-page report, we find the page titled Key Findings. Below are the 4 crucial pieces of information from this page:
1/ Use of the clearSkies Level5 stove demonstrated some benefits for indoor air quality. Indoor PM2.5 did not increase when adding fuel to the stove once lit… At times there was actually a decrease in indoor concentrations of PM2.5 when adding fuel.
As we have long pointed out, a properly functioning wood stove draws particulates out of the room and up the flue, helping improve air quality and ventilation in the home. The stove used in this study was our Charnwood C-Five.
2/ Increases in pollutant concentrations may be more affected by participant technique or specific airflow characteristics of an individual appliance, rather than to the type of appliance or fuel.
We always encourage best stove practices and will continue to do our level best to educate new and existing customers and beyond.
3/ However, the biggest increases in PM2.5 concentrations indoors did not relate to indoor wood or solid-fuel burning but instead were a result of cooking, especially frying, grilling and use of the oven, and particularly when the extraction fan was not used.
Again, we have tried to communicate this fact for a long time, as it really provides perspective on the issue of PM 2.5 in the home. A slice of burnt toast or your Sunday lunch can contribute far more than a wood-burning stove.
4/ The PM2.5 increase measured outdoors, due to the non-DEFRA exempt stove, was double the increase due to the clearSkies Level 5 stove. 50 μg m-3 and approx. 25 μg m-3
The methodology used to gather this data from the environment, again, can not adequately separate the different sources of PM2.5 in the tested areas. It is subject to error from many environmental factors, such as road traffic, construction, manufacturing, and other industrial processes.
However, this data does still accept that a modern ClearSkies 5 stove significantly reduces emissions. We have rigorously tested all Charnwood stoves and when ensuring best stove practices and using seasoned wood with a moisture content of less than 20%, emissions can be reduced by up to 90% in comparison with an open fire. This provides an exceptionally clean burn!
Differentiating Wood-Burning Practices:
It is essential to differentiate between various forms of wood-burning. The UK government’s 2020 figures highlight that Ecodesign-compliant stoves contribute only 1-2% to PM2.5 emissions, a fraction compared to other sources. ClearSkies Level 5 stoves, surpass Ecodesign standards, offering a further reduction in emissions by up to 30%!
This is where the anti-wood-burning stove movement has gotten it so wrong in the past. By not differentiating accurately between different wood-burning practices they have missed the opportunity to really help reduce PM 2.5 emissions with a solution that has been proven to work – modern ultra-efficient stoves.
In London 70% of wood burning still occurs on open fires. If people were widely encouraged to switch to one of the many modern and efficient wood burning stoves available, it would massively reduce urban PM 2.5 emissions. The emissions of 70% of London Wood burning could be reduced by 90%!
Wood-Burning Stove’s Co-Heating Future
Heat pumps, solar and wind energy, have positive qualities, but are simply not sufficient to meet our home heating needs on their own. This is particularly true for the vast amount of older housing stock across the UK. Wood-burning stoves can increase the uptake of other renewables by providing energy security and filling the gaps in power.
Below is a link to an article which comprehensively explains why modern wood-burning stoves will be an essential heating solution long into the future.
With gas and electricity prices set to increase even further in January 2024, we need all sides of the debate to work towards a more informed and positive dialogue. For our part, we continue to lead the industry in creating the most efficient stoves on the market. We are investing heavily to continually improve and are passionate about providing people with energy security and the many other benefits offered by wood-burning stoves.
The Stove Industry Alliance (SIA) has carefully examined a recent study by Global Action Plan/Impact on Urban Health, titled “Relight my fire? Investigating the true cost of wood-burning stoves.” In this blog, we will present some of the key insights and considerations revealed by the SIA that address the misleading conclusions made.
Study Methodology Critique
The SIA raises important questions regarding the methodology used in the study. Specifically, the model scenarios seem to artificially inflate the costs associated with wood-burning stoves while decreasing costs related to Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP). The SIA points out discrepancies in cost consideration, installation assumptions, and the efficiency impact of heating system distribution.
Here are just two of the key points raised which show why it is impossible to draw accurate conclusions from the data set:
Model B “includes the cost of purchasing the item (stove) and installation,while all options include maintenance and replacement costs.” The SIA questions whythe purchase and installation costs have been factored in for the stove led heating inModel B, as they have not been factored in for the gas boiler led heating, Model A?
Model E “Newly installed Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) providing 100% of heat” underestimates the actual running costs of the ASHP in the reference dwelling used (a Victorian mid-terrace of single skin, uninsulated solid brick construction).Heat pumps are not suitable for use in badly insulated housing stock; they will not run optimally in these conditions and therefore won’t give a 3.5 seasonal CoP which thereport uses to reach its conclusions.
Appliance Efficiency
When evaluating cost-effectiveness, appliance efficiency is a highly significant variable, and is not accurately reflected in the study. Since January 1, 2022, all solid fuel stoves have had to adhere to Ecodesign Regulations and ensure a minimum efficiency of 75%. Many of our stoves surpass this requirement, with tested efficiencies exceeding well beyond 80%, which is comparable to the most efficient gas room heaters in peak condition. It is also important to consider that wood-stoves offer individuals better localised space heating, meaning they allow you to heat the space you need without wasting heat on empty rooms. This is a key part of many people’s heating strategy and this flexibility also facilitates off-grid low-carbon sustainable living.
Comparative Fuel Costs
The SIA references data from various sources, including Nottingham Energy Partnership, to provide readers with a comprehensive view of comparative costs per kWh for different heating fuels. As of October 2023, the price per kWh for an ASHP is 12.37p, kiln-dried logs at 11.18p, mains gas at 8.64p, and electricity at 33.40p. It should be noted that, between November 2022 and June 2023, kiln-dried wood logs were more cost-effective than mains gas per kWh.
This points to another key reason people choose wood-burning stoves – energy security. It is still fresh in everyone’s minds how susceptible gas and electricity prices are to spiking at a moment’s notice because of global issues. Sustainable sources of wood are available locally and provide a vital shield against the next crisis.
There are many factors that determine which heating solution is best for your home. As pointed out by the SIA, this latest study has missed many factors that favour wood-burning stoves, particularly as part of a modern co-heating solution.
Charnwood Stoves remains committed to leading the industry in producing the most reliable, efficient, and sustainable wood-burning stoves on the market. We continue to invest heavily in research and development to improve efficiencies even further and have many exciting developments on the way!
With the colder, darker months fast approaching, autumn is well and truly upon us.
And, with chunky knits, boots and jumpers already making an appearance, many people are thinking about how they’ll keep their homes warm and snug during the winter months.
Over recent years, wood burners have increased in popularity, with many people considering them to be an effective way to heat their homes for less during the ongoing energy crisis.
However, it’s important to remember that not all types of fuel are suitable for use in a wood burner. In fact, using the incorrect wood can increase maintenance costs, deliver poor stove performance, and even prove to be dangerous.
Types of wood to avoid
Within this guide, we’ll take a look at the types of wood you should avoid or burn with caution when using your wood burning stove.
Old pallets and treated timber
However tempting it may seem avoid burning pallets and treated timber. Paint, varnishes and oils can give off harmful emissions and can damage your stove and chimney.
Pine
Because pine has a high resin content, it is not considered the best wood to burn on a log burner. It burns quickly and the resin can seep out and clog up different parts of the stove system, which can lead to a whole host of operational problems. If you do choose to burn pine ensure it is well seasoned.
Larch
Much like Pine, Larch contains high levels of resin, which forms sticky deposits inside of the stove and flue.
Poplar
Poplar doesn’t burn for long periods of time and, when it does burn it can be smoky. As a result, it isn’t a good choice for a wood burner.
Laburnum
Laburnum is poisonous when used as firewood so should not be used as fuel for a log burner.
Alder
Alder produces a relatively low heat output, and is renowned for popping and sparking as it burns. This type of wood burns quickly but produces very little heat.
Chestnut
Most varieties of chestnut are okay to burn on a log burner, however, you should be aware that they tend to spit and spark, meaning many people are reluctant to use them.
Cypress
Cypress isn’t ideal as your main firewood source as it provides a low heat output and doesn’t produce very good coals.
Spruce
Spruce produces little heat making it an ineffective fuel for a log-burning stove.
Willow
Firewood should contain a moisture content of below 20%. Willow tends to grow in wet soils or beside water bodies, giving it a high moisture content so if you choose to burn it ensure it is dry and well seasoned.
Although there are many types of wood that shouldn’t be used on a wood burner, there are also many that you can use for fuel, including:
Hardwood firewood
Hardwoods, including ash, birch, maple, oak, and the majority of fruit trees, are some of the best fuels for wood burning stoves due to the fact that they can burn for long periods of time while generating plenty of heat. Hardwood is also cleaner to handle than other types of wood.
Softwood firewood
Some softwoods tend to be cheaper than hardwoods and can also be used in your wood burning stove.
Founded in 1972, we are a privately owned, family-controlled, British company specialising in the design and manufacture of high-quality wood burning and multi-fuel stoves. Our team are committed to providing the highest quality stoves, at the best possible price.
We also have a firm focus on protecting the environment and ensuring our operations are sustainable and responsible.
We operate a policy of caring for the environment in all aspects of the business; from the products we design, to the way we package them, to the way we transport them, to the way we deal with the disposal of waste products, to the vehicles we use, to our choice of raw materials.
Get in touch now
If you have any questions about our wood burning stoves, please get in touch with a member of our team today.
As we head into the cooler months many of us are preparing to light the log burner or, if we don’t already have one, considering installing one. Wood burning has been around since the dawn of civilisation and there is undoubtedly a primal connection with fire within us as humans. At Charnwood, we have 50 years of expertise in wood burning technology and the stoves we sell across the globe today are among the cleanest, greenest appliances available on the market.
However recently there have been a number of reports circulating within the media that suggest stoves may be polluting our environment and are bad for our health. What is the truth about wood-burning stoves and air quality? In this article, we delve into the real facts and why many of these reports are very misleading and damaging to an industry that is a part of the solution to clean, sustainable, low carbon energy.
Is particulate matter (PM 2.5) from wood-burning stoves damaging our health?
The term particulate matter, also known as fine particles or PM 2.5 refers to tiny particles or droplets in the air. They are about thirty times smaller than the width of a human hair.
The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) safe level for PM 2.5 particulates in the air is a daily average of ≤ 10 µg/m3 (1). For reference, air outside in Central London averages 18-25 µg/m3.
A US study in 2019 of 137 homes published in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, found that the average daily level of PM 2.5 particulates in homes (2):
– with a wood stove measured at 6-8 µg/m3
– no wood stove measured only a fraction less at6-7 µg/m3
So, we’re really talking about a minuscule difference that is well within the WHO safe level. Hard to believe? It really shouldn’t be because a correctly functioning wood stove draws air, smoke and particulates out of a room and up the chimney.
In contrast, the UK media bases its negative assertions on a study of just 19 homes that took measurements using, as they admit, “low-cost air quality monitors” (3).
It is impossible to remove PM 2.5 completely from our lives and some measured thinking on this subject is required. When you consider that brakes from an electric car and even a burnt piece of toast (as well as a host of other everyday items) produce significant amounts of PM 2.5 particles, it helps put things in perspective!
However, we welcome regulation and continue to innovate to reach even greater levels of efficiency and emission reduction. We are proud that we are now creating stoves that are 90% more efficient than open fires and new innovations are forthcoming.
We welcome more studies being undertaken, but what is clear is that the most comprehensive data available to date indicate that the dangers presented from wood-burning stoves are exaggerated, to say the least.
Are wood-burning stoves environmentally friendly?
In most cases yes they are. But it is worth noting that not all wood-burning stoves are the same. At Charnwood, we only produce stoves that meet the criteria for EcoDesign 2022 which significantly reduces particle emissions while ensuring very high efficiencies.
The Stove Industry Alliance (SIA) have produced this short film to help dispel some of the myths around wood-burning stoves with the real facts.
It’s worth considering that as wood burning stove sales have increased in record numbers during the recent lockdowns, with more opportunity for their use, measurements for 2.5 µg/m3 actually decreased. Coincidence? No, it’s because modern wood-burning stoves are not the problem.
Much of the confusion has come from DEFRA lumping in wood-burning stoves with open fires and bonfires and then presenting a grouped figure for emissions – this totally distorts the data (4). An EcoDesign Ready stove produces 90% fewer emissions than an open fire and 80% less than older designed stoves. Despite this fact, modern wood-burning stoves continue to get tarnished in the press for the faults of open fires and the like and continue to get attributed to an unrepresentative figure. It is open fires that need to be scrutinised and those who have made the switch to an EcoDesign Ready wood-burning stove should be commended for doing so and more people should be encouraged!
At Charnwood, we recently released the Cranmore, which is the perfect open fire replacement. Super-efficient, clean and with an EcoDesign score of 5 (the highest possible), its dimensions and aesthetic are perfectly suited to an open fireplace. If you have an open fire, we encourage you to make the switch!
Wood burning stoves are part of our home heating solution
At Charnwood we are big fans of wind and solar energy – indeed our factory roof on the Isle of Wight is covered with panels and many of us have installed solar on our roofs at home. They are a big part of the solution, but it’s important to remember that even these much-lauded technologies have some downsides. Firstly, they don’t offer a constant supply and then there are environmental costs, although relatively low, involved in their production. However, overall, the net benefit for the world is clear and demonstrable.
Fossil fuels on the other hand are non-renewable and as we all know, polluting. The main advantage is the ability to provide power 24/7 – but they’re not a sustainable part of the world’s future.
These are just a few examples, but they highlight that no energy source can be 100% perfect. It’s about finding energy sources that are, on balance, positive for society and wood-burning stoves fall into this category as a very viable solution.
Wood burning stoves
Wood is a renewable energy source, sucking carbon out of the atmosphere as trees grow. Of course, there are best practices that need to be followed and selecting the right type of wood from the right sources is key.
Wood burning stoves have numerous benefits:
– They can produce heat for long periods.
– Allowing them to work in conjunction with wind, solar and other energies helps make these great technologies more viable – They are not in competition with each other.
– An ideal emergency/low-frequency heat source.
– Wood is a carbon-neutral fuel as it gives off the same amount of carbon whether it is burnt or decays naturally. The carbon released from burning wood is balanced out by the carbon absorbed by the tree during its lifetime.
– Ability to source fuel locally and without fracking and deep-sea oil drilling.
– A good quality stove can last many decades and provide an affordable source of heat for low-income households.
– The right to repair. The majority of components used within a Charnwood stove are modular and can be replaced when or if they wear out further extending the life of your stove.
– Charnwood stoves and packaging are fully recyclable.
Wood Burning Stoves: An antidote to the digital age
In addition, the mental health benefits absolutely shouldn’t be overlooked. It’s no coincidence sales of stoves rocketed during the hardships of the last couple of years. People recognised the need to make their homes as comfortable and stress-free as possible. Restorative spaces that help us face the trials and tribulations. This isn’t trivial in the slightest. This is a benefit that no other energy source we’ve talked about can provide. You don’t get a visceral connection to nature by flicking on a switch. Fire affords a primal connection that genuinely helps people unwind and reconnect.
We’ve spoken to many customers about their stove and the responses are strikingly similar. Their stove provides much more than just heat. It’s clear from our conversations that burning wood provides enormous well-being and associated mental and physical health benefits. People report it helps them “switch off” and “after a day in front of a screen, chopping wood [and] preparing the fire really helps me to reconnect to the real world”, “brings the family together”, “helps me sleep better”, “almost like a meditation”. You simply don’t get this from another heat source.
To the individual and family, this is clearly hugely beneficial. Now consider this extrapolated across a population and the effect multiples – it becomes powerful. Improving people’s wellbeing and reducing stress allows people to take more actions/decisions from a healthier state of mind. This in turn can only contribute positively to society.
It is widely accepted that few things are as unhealthy as chronic stress and from our personal experience as well as our customers few things can relieve it as consistently well as the process of wood-burning.
– The pleasure of foraging (optional)
– Exercise/stress relief from chopping wood (optional)
– Feeling connected to a historical and natural process
– Lighting a fire – satisfaction of a job well done.
– Enjoying the long-lasting and penetrating warmth
– Deep relaxation with the crackle and flicker of fire
– A focal point for friends and family
So in conclusion an EcoDesign Ready wood burning stove is a clean and environmentally sound choice for heating your home. It is of course important that it is used correctly and the fuel burnt is properly seasoned but this is a source of energy that provides not only warmth but can be key to our wellbeing.
Golden rules. 3 steps to burning wood on your stove efficiently
1/ Good fuel– This is wood that has been stored and allowed to dry until the moisture content has reduced to 20% or less. Freshly cut or ‘green wood’ holds up to 70% water which causes far more smoke to be produced. It is for this reason we have long stressed the importance of using seasoned wood because it produces a significantly cleaner burn – reducing emissions by up to 50%. Additionally, improved efficiency equals cheaper running costs, while a cleaner fuel means your stove and chimney will require less maintenance. It’s a win-win.
2/ Efficient stove – Charnwood is proud to have stoves certified in the inaugural clearSkies listing, an independent emissions and energy performance certification mark for stoves. Many Charnwood products carry a level 5 certification (the highest available rating) which guarantees performance levels and exceed the minimum EcoDesign criteria by a sizable 30%. This is only awarded to stoves that significantly reduce particle emissions while ensuring high efficiencies and a superior flame picture.
3/ Correct use – this is a variable that has until now been dependant on the experience and diligence of the end-user, providing mixed results. That is why Charnwood are developing new technology that will give the user the option of automating this process. This will mean the stove will burn at the most efficient rate possible, further improving its green credentials. Watch this space!
At Charnwood Stoves, we stand committed to revolutionising home heating with eco-friendly wood-burning stoves. Our legacy of craftsmanship spans decades, ensuring each stove combines cutting-edge technology with timeless design. Our team prioritise clean-burning solutions, championing air quality while delivering warmth and ambiance to your space. With an unwavering dedication to sustainability, our stoves not only elevate your home but also minimize environmental impact. Choose Charnwood Stoves for reliability, innovation, and a greener approach to heating.
As environmental concerns continue to shape the UK’s regulatory landscape, advancements in stove technology have been made to meet stringent eco-friendly standards. Multi-fuel stoves, widely popular for their versatility, efficiency, and aesthetic appeal, are not exempt from these regulations.
In this article, we will explore the latest regulations and rules governing multi-fuel stoves in 2023, with a focus on Ecodesign, planning permission, fuel liners, hearth requirements, and ventilation regulations in the UK.
What is Ecodesign?
Ecodesign is an initiative by the European Union to improve the energy efficiency and environmental performance of products, including stoves and fireplaces. It came into effect in the UK on January 1st 2022.
In the UK, Ecodesign regulations have been embraced as part of the government’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change and, as of 2023, all newly-manufactured stoves must meet the Ecodesign standards, ensuring lower emissions and higher efficiency compared to older models. Ecodesign sets out maximum emission levels of PM (Particulate Matter), CO (Carbon Monoxide), OGC (Organic Gaseous Compounds) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide).
Ecodesign only affects those room-heating appliances made available for sale from 2022 onwards; stoves and fireplaces already installed will not be affected.
Will Ecodesign affect the heat produced in a multi-fuel stove?
No, the implementation of Ecodesign regulations does not necessarily impact the heat output of multi-fuel stoves. The primary aim of Ecodesign is to reduce harmful emissions, making these stoves more environmentally friendly. Manufacturers have adapted by employing innovative design features and technology to maintain or even improve heat output while complying with the Ecodesign standards.
Is planning permission required to install a multi-fuel stove?
In most cases, installing a multi-fuel stove in the UK does not require planning permission. Permitted Development Rights (PDR) allow homeowners to make certain improvements to their property without seeking planning permission. Under PDR, you can install a multi-fuel stove, provided it meets specific criteria, such as not being installed on a listed building or within a designated conservation area. However, it is always recommended to consult with your local planning authority or a professional installer to ensure compliance with local regulations.
Is it a legal requirement to have a flue liner?
While it’s not a legal requirement, using a fuel liner is highly recommended when installing a multi-fuel stove. A flue liner is a flue or chimney lining that ensures proper venting of combustion gases and helps prevent dangerous emissions, such as carbon monoxide, from entering your living space. A fuel liner will increase efficiency, help keep your chimney clean and improve safety.
Your wood burning stove needs to meet the building regulations listed in Document J, which recommends (but does not require) that flue liners are used.
Top Hearth Requirements
The hearth is the base on which the multi-fuel stove sits, and it must meet certain requirements to comply with UK regulations. The top hearth, also known as the stove hearth or constructional hearth, must be made from a non-combustible material, such as stone, concrete, or a suitable hearth pad such as enamel. It should extend a certain distance beyond the stove’s footprint to prevent accidental fires. The specific dimensions and constructional requirements may vary based on the stove’s heat output and other factors, so it is vital to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines and UK building regulations.
Ventilation Requirements
Proper ventilation is essential to ensure the safe operation of a multi-fuel stove. Adequate air supply allows for efficient combustion and reduces the risk of carbon monoxide build-up.
The ventilation requirements of your home will depend in part on when it was built; homes built after 2008 are designed to have an air permeability of 5m3/hm2 or less, due to the increased energy efficiency. Homes built before 2008 are unlikely to meet this level of air permeability. You can have your stove fitter test your home’s air permeability.
For homes with an air permeability of 5m3/hm2 or more, i.e. most older homes, ventilation is only required for stoves with heat outputs above 5kW, and this is done in increments of 550mm2. For example, a 6kW heat output would require 550mm2, a 7kW heat output requires 1100mm2, an 8kW heat output requires 1650mm2 and so on.
For homes with an air permeability of 5m3/hm2 or less, i.e. any home built since 2008, and some homes built before, the increments of 550mm2 start from 0, so a 1kW heat output would require 550mm2, a 2kW heat output requires 1100mm2, and a 3kW heat output requires 1650mm2.
This ventilation can be achieved through vents in the wall or an air brick. Installers must carefully calculate the required ventilation to meet building regulations.
Why Choose Us?
Charnwood has been committed to providing quality wood burning stoves since 1972 and we know all there is to know about wood burners and their regulations. If you have any questions about heating your home with a wood burning stove, please get in touch.
